Learn chapter 8 notes anatomy physiology muscular system with free interactive flashcards. Introduction to anatomy and physiology i shs111 get the app. General location located in the walls of hollow internal organs such as the blood vessels, stomach, intestines. The middle muscularis consists of two layers of smooth muscle that permit expansion of the vagina during childbirth and when the penis is inserted. Skeletal muscle attached to bone walk, run, write, play the piano, grab and manipulate objects b. Describe the sarcolemma, ttubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum of a skeletal.
Physiology at a glance pdf 4th edition free download. Physiological skeletal muscle contraction requires generation and spread of a membrane action potential, transduction of the electrical energy into an intracellular chemical signal that, in turn, triggers myofilament interaction. Types on the basis of structure, contractile properties and control mechanisms, three types of muscle can be identified. The neuromuscular junction nmj unique characteristics. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Medical anatomy and physiology unit five muscular system page 1 draft copy unit 5 muscular system lecture notes 5. Physiology of the smooth muscle contraction wikilectures. Shs111 topic summaries detailed, comprehensive and organised notes covering content from. Like skeletal muscle, smooth muscle consists of elongated cells, but smooth muscle has no striations. Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue which is used by various systems to apply pressure to vessels and organs. Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation physiology. This is because smooth muscle cells are organized in a different way than other muscle cells.
Cardiac muscle wall of heart pump blood through thousands of miles of blood vessels c. Skeletal muscle physiology bja education oxford academic. Skeletal muscle tissue voluntary smooth muscle fibers located in the walls of the hollow, visceral organs involuntary cardiac. Phillips sk, rook km, siddle nc, bruce sa, woledge rc. The cells are elongated with tapered ends and do not appear striated. The neuromuscular junction university of minnesota. Physiology of muscle contraction learning objectives 2124 dr maria dux muscle tissue accounts for almost half of the human body mass. Skeletal muscles, electromechanical coupling, crossbridge cycle, isotonic muscle contraction. Cells not striated tapered cells single central nucleus size ranges from 515 m diameter, 200300 m length gap junctions between cells. Stretch opens stretchsensitive channels, depolarizes smooth muscle, and can initiate contraction. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy and physiology notes muscular system flashcards on quizlet. The videos and corresponding pdf notes are available throughout the entire time the course is open, from the first day through the end of the course on. If you are going to prepare a seminar you can compare with multiple similar presentations given here, some times if you are busy you can use these slides as such without any modification or with slight modification. Choose from 500 different sets of chapter 8 notes anatomy physiology muscular system flashcards on quizlet.
Muscle weakness in women occurs at an earlier age than in men, but strength is preserved by hormone replacement therapy. Types of smooth muscle fibers single unit smooth muscle cells connected to function as a single unit syncytium e. Its role is to force fluids and other substances through internal body channels. Muscle physiology lecture outline muscle function muscle characteristics muscle tissue types skeletal muscle general functions of skeletal muscle functional anatomy physiology skeletal muscle types energetics adaptive responses cardiac muscle physiology smooth muscle physiology muscle function. Aug 16, 2011 intrafusal muscle fibersare skeletal muscle fibres that comprise the muscle spindle and are innervated by gamma motor neurons. Cardiac muscle fibers branch but are separated into individual cell by continuity of the plasma membrane, the. The cross bridges on either side of the m line bend towards one another and towards the middle of the sarcomere causing the actin filaments to slide toward the middle. These fibers are proprioceptors that detect the amount and rate of change of length in a muscle. Objectives histologically identify and functionally characterize each of the 3 types of muscle tissues. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 3. Although there are significant differences between these muscle types, the force.
Describe the structure and function of a tendon and an aponeurosis. Unitary smooth muscle sheets bundles of muscle fibers electronicallycoupled gap junctions multiple controls e. Smooth muscle lacks the striations characteristic of cardiac and skeletal. As seen in the image below, the actin and myosin filaments in smooth muscle are arranged in a stacked pattern across the cell. Extensively revised and updated, this fourth edition of physiology at a glance continues to provide a thorough introduction to human physiology, covering a wealth of topics in a comprehensive yet succinct manner. Nerve and muscle physiology free download as powerpoint presentation. In smooth muscle cells, overall contraction squeezes the cell from every direction since the myofibrils are not unformly aligned along the longitudinal axis of the cell. Describe the organization of the sarcomere as seen in light and electron microscopy. You can use the menu below to jump back and forth between the different parts of this directed study. Modulation of muscle and pulmonary o2 uptakes by circulatory dynamics during exercise. Although they do not have striations and sarcomeres, smooth muscle fibers do have actin and myosin.
Smooth muscle lines the walls of blood vessels and certain organs such as the digestive and urogenital tracts, where it serves to advance the movement of substances. Smooth or visceral muscle walls of internal organs e. Muscle contraction the basic unit of muscle contraction is the sarcomere. Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types of the body, and the body contains three types of muscle tissue. Describe the characteristics of different types of smooth muscle and be able to explain the different types of. Cellular physiology of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Learn anatomy and physiology notes muscular system with free interactive flashcards. Gap junctions between cells allows coordination of contraction. Smooth muscle is composed of sheets or strands of smooth muscle cells. Comparing skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle walter. Physiology of the muscular system key terms isometric contraction isotonic contraction motor unit myo. Smooth muscle often contracts an organ in multiple directions. Found in sphincters and sheets of internal visceral organs and glands. The smooth contraction of the muscle results from the fact that the crossbridges going through the cycle are in different stages of the cycle.
Ch 8 muscle physiology university of north georgia. Muscle physiology sliding filament model of contraction each myosin head binds and detaches several times during contraction, acting like a ratchet to generate tension and propel the thin filaments to the center of the sarcomere as this event occurs throughout the sarcomeres, the muscle shortens skeletal muscle contraction. Repetitive selfinduced discharges occur normally in the heart, in most smooth muscle, and in many of the neurons of the central nervous system. Skeletal muscle lectures city university of new york. View notes human anatomy and physiology 1 chapter 11 notes. Physiology of the muscular systemchapter 11 315 mitochondria sarcolemma t tubule sarcoplasmic. Identify and describe the three ct layers associated with a muscle. Smooth muscle tissue, unlike skeletal or cardiac tissues, does not have clearly defined striations visible on the cells. Control voluntary control by conscious nervous system.
These cells have fibers of actin and myosin which run through the cell and are supported by a framework of other proteins. Lecture 4 skeletal muscle and smooth muscle physiology. Bsc chapter 11 introduction movement is a fundamental characteristic of all living. Cellular physiology of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle 9 231 ses to modulate, rather than to initiate, cardiac muscle function. Smooth muscle fibers are spindleshaped wide in the middle and tapered at both ends, somewhat like a football and have a single nucleus. Smooth muscle is called involuntary muscle because it is not under direct conscious control. Chapter 12 muscle physiology modesto junior college. Derangement of muscle function can have profound systemic effects. Smooth muscle is not under voluntary control and has no striations. Cardiovascular physiology ziser 2404 lecture notes, 2005 1 cardiovascular physiology heart physiology for the heart to work properly contraction and relaxation of chambers must be coordinated cardiac muscle tissue differs from smooth and skeletal muscle tissues in several ways that suit its function in the heart. Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth it is important to understand muscle at the molecular. Smooth muscle cardiac muscle skeletal muscle crossstriation nervous stimulation induces contraction voluntary control lack of anatomical connections of individual muscle fibres muscle contracts and relaxes body moves and transports respiration. At the bottom of each page, you will be given the option of returning to.
In striated muscle cells the overall sliding of thick and thin filaments pulls the two ends towards the center of the cell decreasing the total length of the fiber. Smooth muscle is composed of numerous spindled shaped cells. Medical anatomy and physiology unit five muscular system page 2 draft copy 4. Muscle tissue and skeletal muscle all muscle tissues share these general properties. Explain how a skeletal muscle fiber becomes multinucleated. Smooth muscle definition, function and location biology.
But bacterial action on glycogen stored in these cells produces an acid solution that lubricates the vagina and protects it against microbial infection. Work performed with differentiated contractile smooth muscle tissue over the last two decades has made clear that covalent modification of myosin by phosphorylation of the 20kda myosin light. Smooth muscle smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages. View notes lecture 4 skeletal muscle and smooth muscle physiology. In contrast to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle contraction is triggered by electrical signals from neighboring cardiac muscle cells. Relate the functional differences of the three muscle cell types. Motion by moving the skeletal levers of the body b. Response of a muscle to a single action potential of its motor neuron muscle. Nerve and muscle physiology action potential muscle. Explain the function of blood vessels and nerves serving a muscle. Medical physiology striated and smooth muscle lecture notes i. Skeletal and cardiac muscle are striated smooth muscle has a similar contractile mechanism but is not so highly organized and does not show striations the striations are caused by alignment of bands. Physiology of the muscular systemchapter 11 315 mitochondria sarcolemma t. Identify the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium ct sleeves in muscle.
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