Unit iii unit iii steam nozzles and turbines flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure. Power plants, steam and gas turbines webquest mdpi. It is hoped that this notes helps a working engineer have a better insight into the. Steam turbine and steam nozzle interview question and. In these notes we will focus on stationary plants for electric power generation, however, gas turbines are also used as jet engines in aircraft. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants vol. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. Turbines, in general, convert either thermal or kinetic energy of the fluid into work. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Elliotts new highspeed, highefficiency multivalve steam turbine combines the reliability of an impulse style turbine with the. As well as there being two different types of steam turbines, there are also a number of different mechanical arrangements, these being cross compound, tandem and single casing. Owing to the high velocity, the residence time of steam in. Thermal stations can be private industrial plants and central station.
But in a steam turbine, no friction losses are there because of no moving parts. Power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant cycles. Two types of modern steam turbines and their mechanical. That is, it is not possible to design a heat engine that does not exhaust heat to the environment. Because of their unique design, maximum energy is extracted from the flowing stream. Advantages and disadvantages of gas turbines and steam turbines. Flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. The main advantages of a steam turbine locomotive are better rotational balance and reduced hammer blow on the. The advantages of the kaplan turbine are listed below. Another form of the second law of thermodynamics or carnots principle is that.
Micro turbine systems have many advantages over piston engine generators, such as higher power density with respect to footprint and weight, extremely low emissions and few, or just one. A steamthermal power station uses heat energy generated from burning coal to produce electrical energy. Ppt steam turbines powerpoint presentation free to. Thermal efficiency of a steam turbine is usually higher than that of a reciprocating engine. Turbine definition and types of turbines hydraulic. Steam turbine governing and its mechanism ece tutorials.
Alwash lecture notes university of babylon electrical machines mechanical department d. They can be particularly efficientup to 60 %when waste heat from the gas turbine is recovered by a conventional steam turbine in a. Steam turbine drives are equipped with throttling valves or nozzle governors to modulate steam flow and achieve variable speed operation. The curtis stage turbine, as it came to be called, is composed of one stage of nozzles as the singlestage turbine, followed.
Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to. The rankine cycle is a model used to predict the performance of steam turbine systems. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and difference. Alternatively the exhaust steam may be used for process purposes. It is an idealized cycle in which friction losses in each of the four components are neglected. It has a steamgenerating capacity of 9095 thr and steam pressure upto 150155 bar. Derive the efficiency of ranking cycle in a steam power plant and write its advantages. Exhaust steam flows over the tubes to increase evaporation of cooling water, which further increases the condensation of steam. About 35% of total superheated steam is used for power generation and remaining 65% is used in the evaporating drum for generating steam.
Impulse turbines, reaction turbines, the impulse principle, the. A combined cycle power plant consists of gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, steam turbines and power generators. Reaction turbines and water wheels, a type of turbine, are very efficient machines. This type of power station is widely used around the world. We have heard many time the word turbine, but most of us dont know more about it. The purpose of gasturbine power plants is to produce mechanical power from the expansion of hot gas in a turbine. The steam for process purposes is extracted from a certain section of turbine and the remaining steam is allowed to expand in the turbine.
Here now we going to discuss only steam power station or steam power generation plant and all other power station in next coming articles. Advantages and disadvantages of steam turbines advantages since the steam turbine is a rotary heat engine, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator. The power output of a gas turbine depends on the ambient temperature. For example, assume you are looking for information concerning the proper trap to use on a gravity drained jacketed kettle.
Reaction turbine blading and conditions figure 3 shows, at the top. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working. This is the cycle of the steam produced in the boiler, then taken to the steam turbine prime. The steam turbine drive is capable of serving the same function as a variable speed drive electric motor driver. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss both of these have double casings with the exhaust steam circulating in the annular space between the casings as in the case of the high pressure turbine. Approach to high efficiency diesel and gas engines pdf. Or, it is not possible to design a heat engine that has an efficiency of 1. The efficiency of the kaplan turbine is very high as compares with other types of hydraulic turbines. Emerson upgrades gas and steam turbine controls at mexicos. The operation of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam expanded through.
Cooling water of impure quality can be used because the cooling water does not come in contact with steam. In impulse turbines a free jet of water strikes the. This turbine work more efficiently at low water head and high flow rates as compared with other turbines. Since the steam turbine is a rotary heat engine, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator. It is not possible to make a heat engine whose only effect is to absorb heat from a hightemperature region and turn all that heat into work. Turbine is a device which convert kinetic energy of fluid into mechanical energy. This leads to offshoot advantages, such as improved power transfer to pulleys or grinding stones.
The chart covers the type of steam traps and the major advantages that armstrong feels are superior for each 4. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. The governor does this function by controlling the steam flow through the turbine by adjusting the control value. Turbine is a class of turbo machinery used to convert the energy in a flowing fluid into mechanical energy by the use of rotor mechanisms. Introduction to steam turbine parts of steam turbine and its function introduction to steam turbines a steam turbine is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy by turning the blades of a rotor. Introduction to steam turbine parts of steam turbine and. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages.
Steam turbines can usually operate across a broad speed range and do not fail when overloaded. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants steam turbine components and systems r. Governor is a heart component of the turbine which controls it during steady state and transient conditions. A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as a steam. What is the difference between a gas turbine, a steam. Elliott introduces highspeed steam turbine elliott group. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. There are two types of modern steam turbines impulse turbine in this type of turbine the steam nozzles direct superheated steam at the buckets of rotor blades. Beyond the turbine end of the gas generator is a freely rotating turbine. Very high powertoweight ratio, compared to reciprocating engines. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to. Impulse and reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagrams for simple and multistage turbines, speed regulationsgovernors and nozzle governors. There can be two basic types of hydraulic turbines. Today we will learn about what is turbine and types of turbines used in mechanical industries.
Advantages and disadvantages of steam turbine free download as word doc. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that converts thermal energy in. Published by the associate dean, college of horticulture, vellanikkara, kerala agricultural university. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to improve overall cycle boiler feed water heater to improve overall cycle efficiency. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in 1929, for deutsche reichsbahn. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are presented in fig. A steam turbine is a form of prime mover in which the energy available with highpressure steam is converted into mechanical power directly in the form of rotary motion. What is meant by super saturation in steam nozzles. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc. The steam coming out from the turbine is then passed through steam reheater before supplying to low pressure turbine. In steamships, advantages of steam turbines over reciprocating engines are. Optimize turbine performance quicker and more efficiently.
Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 4. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbine principle, working and difference. Impulse turbine pressure energy of steam is converted into kinetic energy. Steam turbine and steam nozzle interview question and answers steam turbine and steam nozzle interview, viva, oral question and answers 1. Advantages of the steam turbine 01 there are some frictional losses in a reciprocating engine as some arrangements are required for conversion of reciprocating motion into circular motion. It is not mechanically connected to the gas generator, but instead is mechanically coupled, 1. Please support us at so that we can add one more member to the team and will be able to release 2 educational videosmonth. Most modern gas turbines are of the triple shaft design. Temperature control is important for preventing excessive temperature in the turbine.
The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. The governor is a control component with advanced protections for the turbine which ensure safe operation of the turbine. Water driven tubes are used primarily for the development of hydroelectric energy. Steam turbines startups 1 principles of steam turbines startups. The major advantage of such a control are favourable operation.
Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal power plant advantages. Turbines can also be termed as machines extracting energy from fluids. It was also used to study the performance of reciprocating steam engines. Advantages and disadvantages of steam turbine steam engine. This figure also shows a dual shaft gas turbine, where the gas generator and power turbine are. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. Definition a steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized. It is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy or hydraulic energy into electrical energy. We have the advantages, disadvantage, layout, working principle of steam power station or steam power plant in this article. The rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle of a heat engine that converts heat into mechanical work while undergoing phase change.
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